![]() An assessment provider (College Board, DIBELS, NWEA, or any number of useful new web tools) is generally the provider of the core metadata for what the assessment looks like and what it is assessing.The assessment model combines data that originate with many entities, for example: Who "Owns" What (or, Where Does the Data Come From)? The practice of mapping to a local benchmark is not universal, and so it is also possible to associate a LearningStandard from an ObjectiveAssessment, as shown in the diagram below: The source of the data is typically as follows: Further, the LearningObjective entity may be mapped to a formal, external learning standard, such as one provided by the state or Common Core State Standards. The LearningObjective entity enables the ObjectiveAssessment to be mapped to a local benchmark. Support for Mapping to Local Learning Objectives and Learning Standardsįield implementation has shown that, while school systems will intake into their systems the results of student assessments in areas like "Reading Comprehension" (in other words, the ObjectiveAssessment entity with student results held in the StudentObjectiveAssessment entity), they also commonly need to map those "Reading Comprehension" results to local learning benchmarks. Once a student takes an assessment, the results can be modeled in the StudentAssessment entity and StudentObjectiveAssessment common type, each of which has references back to its parent or peer entities. This structure is recursive, so that there can be any number of levels of ObjectiveAssessments. In the Assessment domain, the top-level assessment is an Assessment entity and the skill areas are ObjectiveAssessment entities. An example would be a single "reading" assessment that tested multiple skill areas, such as "Reading Comprehension," "Accuracy and Fluency," "Phonemic Awareness," and so forth. Many assessments are multi-tier in the sense that they provide multiple scores or result sets for each assessment. While its scope may make it a bit imposing to newcomers, understanding a few design principles enable it to be easily understood and adopted. The Ed-Fi data model for assessments contains a number of entities and reference patterns. The ObjectiveAssessment entity is essentially a grouping of items on an assessment that may have its own score and can be tied to learning objectives and learning standards. ![]() The LearningObjective entity usually models a general representation of an abstract learning concept or skill, whereas the LearningStandard entity models specific elements within the realm of an objective.
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